Menstrual-Cycle-Aware Functional Training in Women: A Conceptual Model for Rehabilitation and Performance Optimization
Authors
Keywords:
- Menstrual cycle,
- Functional training,
- Physical rehabilitation,
- Female physiology,
- Phase-based periodization,
- Load optimization,
- Injury risk,
- Hormonal regulation
Abstract
Physical rehabilitation and sports medicine have historically relied on research conducted predominantly in male samples, leaving the specifics of female physiology outside the analytical frame. This article argues that the menstrual cycle is a key biological regulator of physical performance, recovery and injury risk in women and that it should be incorporated as a structural element in functional training and rehabilitation protocols. We present a conceptual model the Phase-Oriented Training Framework (PFT-4) organized around the four phases of the menstrual cycle: menstrual, follicular, ovulatory and luteal. The model synthesizes evidence on hormonal influences on muscle strength, ligamentous laxity, neuromuscular control, metabolism and recovery. The article contributes to rehabilitation medicine, sports physiology and clinical practice by proposing diagnostic nomenclature and a clinical decision matrix for rehabilitation physicians, coaches and sports physiotherapists. Empirical validation of the model including the development of psychometric instruments and longitudinal outcome studies is identified as a priority for future research.
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References
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